Java operators are the symbols that are used to perform various operations on variables and values. By using these operators, we can perform operations like addition, subtraction, checking less than or greater than, etc.
There are different types of operators in Java, we have listed them below −
- Arithmetic Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Relational Operators
- Logical Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Misc Operators
Java Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used in mathematical expressions in the same way that they are used in algebra. The following table lists the arithmetic operators −
Assume integer variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then −
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + (Addition) | Adds values on either side of the operator. | A + B will give 30 |
| – (Subtraction) | Subtracts right-hand operand from left-hand operand. | A – B will give -10 |
| * (Multiplication) | Multiplies values on either side of the operator. | A * B will give 200 |
| / (Division) | Divides left-hand operand by right-hand operand. | B / A will give 2 |
| % (Modulus) | Divides left-hand operand by right-hand operand and returns remainder. | B % A will give 0 |
| ++ (Increment) | Increases the value of operand by 1. | B++ gives 21 |
| — (Decrement) | Decreases the value of operand by 1. | B– gives 19 |
Example
The following example demonstrates the usage of arithmetic operators in Java:
2. Subtraction Operator (-)
The subtraction operator subtracts one number from another.
public class SubtractionExample { public static void main(String[] args) { int x = 50; int y = 30; int difference = x - y; System.out.println(x + " - " + y + " = " + difference); // Negative result int result = 20 - 50; System.out.println("20 - 50 = " + result); // Multiple subtractions int finalValue = 100 - 30 - 20 - 10; System.out.println("100 - 30 - 20 - 10 = " + finalValue); } } /* Output: 50 - 30 = 20 20 - 50 = -30 100 - 30 - 20 - 10 = 40 */
3. Multiplication Operator (*)
The multiplication operator multiplies two or more numbers.
public class MultiplicationExample { public static void main(String[] args) { int length = 10; int width = 5; int area = length * width; System.out.println("Area of rectangle: " + area); // Multiplying multiple numbers int product = 2 * 3 * 4 * 5; System.out.println("2 * 3 * 4 * 5 = " + product); // Multiplication with different data types double price = 25.5; int quantity = 3; double total = price * quantity; System.out.println("Total cost: $" + total); } } /* Output: Area of rectangle: 50 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 = 120 Total cost: $76.5 */
4. Division Operator (/)
The division operator divides one number by another.
Integer Division vs Floating-point Division
public class DivisionExample { public static void main(String[] args) { // Integer division (truncates decimal part) int a = 15; int b = 4; int intResult = a / b; System.out.println("15 / 4 = " + intResult); // Output: 3 // Floating-point division (preserves decimal) double x = 15.0; double y = 4.0; double doubleResult = x / y; System.out.println("15.0 / 4.0 = " + doubleResult); // Output: 3.75 // Mixed division double mixedResult = 15 / 4.0; System.out.println("15 / 4.0 = " + mixedResult); // Output: 3.75 } }
5. Modulus Operator (%)
The modulus operator returns the remainder of a division operation.
public class ModulusExample { public static void main(String[] args) { // Even/Odd check for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) { if (i % 2 == 0) { System.out.println(i + " is even"); } else { System.out.println(i + " is odd"); } } // Remainder examples System.out.println("17 % 5 = " + (17 % 5)); // 2 System.out.println("20 % 6 = " + (20 % 6)); // 2 System.out.println("15 % 3 = " + (15 % 3)); // 0 // Negative numbers System.out.println("-10 % 3 = " + (-10 % 3)); // -1 System.out.println("10 % -3 = " + (10 % -3)); // 1 } } /* Output: 1 is odd 2 is even 3 is odd 4 is even 5 is odd 17 % 5 = 2 20 % 6 = 2 15 % 3 = 0 -10 % 3 = -1 10 % -3 = 1 */
Java Assignment Operators
Assignment Operators are used to assign values to variables. These operators modify the value of a variable based on the operation performed. The most commonly used assignment operator is =, but Java provides multiple compound assignment operators for shorthand operations.
Following are the assignment operators supported by Java language −
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand. | C = A + B will assign value of A + B into C |
| += | Add AND assignment operator. It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand. | C += A is equivalent to C = C + A |
| -= | Subtract AND assignment operator. It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand. | C -= A is equivalent to C = C − A |
| *= | Multiply AND assignment operator. It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand. | C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A |
| /= | Divide AND assignment operator. It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand. | C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A |
| %= | Modulus AND assignment operator. It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand. | C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A |
| <<= | Left shift AND assignment operator. | C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2 |
| >>= | Right shift AND assignment operator. | C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2 |
| &= | Bitwise AND assignment operator. | C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2 |
| ^= | bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator. | C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2 |
| |= | bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator. | C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2 |
Example
The following example demonstrates the usage of assignment operators in Java: